1878-79 medal

Posts : 2 Join date : 2013-01-31 Location : Canada

I am new to this site.

I have in my possession a medal received by my Great Grandfather who fought in the South Africa Zulu wars. There is also some anecdotal documentation.

It is a clasped South Africa medal with the dates 1878 - 79 inscribed on the clasp with my G/Grandfathers name and number inscribed on the rim. The ribbon is a bit tattered but is burnt orange with blue bars.
2252 Pte H. WELLER 2/3rd Foot.......(The Buffs?)

I came across your website and was wondering if anyone could help by pointing me in the right direction to find out more about this medal and the arenas of action my G/Grandfather might have been involved in. Who or which department to contact, etc

Thank You

Posts : 705 Join date : 2012-05-05

Might be worth, contacting, click on link below.

http://www.armymuseums.org.uk/museums/0000000020-Buffs-Royal-East-Kent-Regiment-Museum-Collection.htm

Subject: Re: 1878-79 medal Sat Feb 02, 2013 4:29 pm

Boutye. Welcome to the forum.. It's good he has the clasp. Do you have any information on him, does he have any other medals, discharge papers. I

Guest

BoutYe,

Welcome to the forum.

The 2/3rd Foot (Buffs) was attached to Colonel Pearson’s No. 1 Column, except for a few men who were detailed to other units.

Colonel Evelyn Woods No. 4 Column had a unit of Mounted Infantry attached under Captain Browne. This unit was present at the Battle of Hlobane. In his book “In Zululand with the British throughout the war of 1879”, Charles L. Norris-Newman lists among the wounded at Hlobane the following: 2-3RD Mounted Infantry – Private H. Weller, gunshot wound of upper arm.

I could not find his name on the medal roll for the “Buffs.” I may have just overlooked it, or he may be listed elsewhere since he was detached from them. The regimental number that you mentioned being engraved on his medal is consistent with others on the medal roll.

Petty Officer Tom

Subject: Re: 1878-79 medal Sat Feb 02, 2013 5:54 pm

"The 2nd Battalion had previously served in the Ionian islands and the West Indies. Towards the end of 1878, the HQ, and 5 companies of the Buffs, which had been scattered over a wide area of Natal, were ordered to concentrate at Thring’s Post, near the mouth of the Tugela river. Early in November, three more companies arrived from Mauritius, at which time they were ordered to construct an earthwork on the right bank of the river, which subsequently became known as Fort Pearson. The Regiment served at the Battle of Inyezane. Two companies of the 3rd were subsequently present at the Battle of Gingindlovu, having been detached from Pearson’s column for convoy duties, and thereby escaping being besieged at Eshowe, like their regimental comrades. The Regiment formed part of Crealock’s 1st Division in the second invasion of Zululand"

Subject: Re: 1878-79 medal Sat Feb 02, 2013 6:07 pm

This gives a good understanding of the Buffs movements.

The Dragons are Here. 2nd Battalion 3rd Regiment of Foot (The Buffs) (Later the Royal East Kent Regiment) In the 1879 Zulu War
by Alex. Fermor.

"The Battalion’s arrival in South Africa

The 2nd Battalion of the Regiment sailed to Cape Town from Dublin in 1876 onboard the troop ship St Lawrence, which was to strike some rocks named Paternoster off the coast of South Africa. Fortunately with the sea being calm the lifeboats were launched and one of the survivors rode one hundred miles to Cape Town to raise the alarm. The next morning a group of three warships appeared off the rocks and the Buffs, who had remained on board for a total of three days, were embarked from the wreck and were later to receive a message from the Duke of Cambridge commending their steadiness during the crisis. Upon arrival in Cape Town the Buffs settled into garrison duty but were soon called upon the assist in the suppressing of the Xhosa in the Ninth Cape Frontier War, which involved pursuing through thick bush an enemy who preferred hit and run guerrilla tactics. The last of the Cape Frontier Wars was terminated in 1878 but already war was on the horizon with the powerful Zulu nation and the Buffs prepared for the move to Natal.

The Buffs arrival in Natal and beginning of hostilities

Five Companies of the Buffs arrived in Natal in the summer of 1878 and were scattered around strategically important positions in Natal with the Headquarters being based at Pietermaritzburg. Towards the end of 1878 the Battalion received orders to concentrate at Thring’s Post, twenty miles distant from the mouth of the Tugela River. Upon arrival the Battalion was joined by the other three companies of the Regiment who had been on long detachment in Mauritius thus bringing the Regiment up to a total of 800 men. Shortly after the Battalion’s arrival two companies were sent to construct a large earthwork fort on the right bank of the Tugela River with a commanding view of the drift. The work was successfully concluded and the Buffs named the position ‘Fort Pearson’ in honour of the Battalion’s commanding Officer Colonel Pearson.
     By now hostilities between the British and the Zulus had reached a head and the British Governor of the Cape, Sir Henry Edward Bartle Frere had delivered an ultimatum to the Zulu King Cetshwayo, which had to be met by the 11 January 1879.
     On the 3 January 1879 the remaining six companies of the Buffs, along with the Headquarters, struck camp at Thring’s Post and arrived at Fort Pearson on the 4 January. From the 4 till 12 January 1879, the Buffs assisted the Naval Brigade in completing the arrangement being made for the Coastal Column’s crossing of the Tugela River, of which the Buffs now formed part.
     On the 11 January the time limit on the Governor’s ultimatum ran out with no answer from Cetshwayo and the British were now at war with the Zulu nation.

The Crossing of the Tugela River and the Advance

Colonel Pearson began crossing the Tugela River on 12 January with the objective of reaching the abandoned Norwegian Mission Station at Eshowe. Although the first troops of the column were across the river by early morning, it wasn’t until midday on 13 January that the troops were all across the river. However it took a further three days to ferry the transport across the river and thus it wasn’t until the evening of 16 January that Pearson was ready to begin the advance.
     The column finally moved off on 18 January and slowly made its way into Zululand. Due to the heavy rains that had fallen over the past few days Pearson decided to divide his force into two small columns with a day’s march between them to allow the road to dry out. Pearson decided to accompany the first sections, which included all eight companies of the Buffs, while the second section, which was commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Parnell2, advanced ahead and destroyed the military kraal at Gingindlovu.
     By 22 January the first section of the column under Colonel Pearson reached the Nyezane River and slowly began to cross. By 9a.m. the Naval Brigade, Artillery and two Companies of the Buffs were across the river and had fallen-out to have breakfast, while the remainder of the column was strung out over a vast distance. Although his scouts had reported that a force of Zulus were in the area, Colonel Pearson, while sitting with his staff having his breakfast, was unaware that a force of 3500 Zulus were waiting to attack him upon that very crossing. The battle of Nyezane was about to begin.

The Battle of Nyezane

At 8 a.m., while the column was eating its breakfast, a small party of Zulus were spotted and a company of the NNC were sent up the hills to drive the Zulus off. Due to bad communication the NNC bolted upon arrival on the hill leaving their officers to their fate. The Zulus had been lying in wait for the right moment. The Zulus’ discovery by the NNC caused the trap to be sprung prematurely losing the Zulus their advantage of surprise and allowing the British to concentrate their forces.
     As the NNC fled back down the hill, Colonel Pearson quickly rushed two companies of the Buffs forward with the Naval Detachment and Artillery to hold the Zulus back on the knoll. The Buffs concentrated their fire on the Zulus coming down the hill ‘with the buzz of a million hornets.’3
      At this time more Zulus came into view and it was clear that the Zulus advancing down Wombane were the left horn of the Zulu attack and a third company of the Buffs was rushed forward and placed on the foot of the knoll extended towards the Colonial volunteer units.
     Despite the heavy fire, the Zulu’s left horn continued to advance and reached the bush at the bottom of Wombane aiming to reach the wagons that were still crossing the river. The Zulu advance was stemmed by the timely intervention of Captain Wynne of the Royal Engineers who with two companies of the Buffs, now freed up from wagon duty, pushed the Zulus back. At the same time the Naval Marines, along with the Gatling gun, arrived and formed up at the bottom of Wombane and opened fire on the Zulus, causing great execution.
     Colonel Welman was still advancing with the second part of the Coastal Column and upon hearing the firing rushed up a half company of the Buffs and 99th Regiment while he hurried forward with the rest of the division.
     Upon his arrival, Welman found the battle was beginning to turn against the Zulus. He quickly rushed forward the remaining half companies of the Buffs and 99th Regiment. At this time Commander Campbell led a charge of his Naval Brigade, supported by a company of the Buffs, who succeeded in forcing the Zulus backs towards Wombane.
     By 9.30 a.m. the final shot had been fired, the battle of Nyezane was over. The Buffs had lost a total of three men killed and four wounded.

Arrival at Eshowe

Although the Zulu ambush at Nyezane had taken Pearson by surprise he was determined to show the Zulus that they had not stopped his advance and as soon as the dead had been buried, and the Zulu wounded given water and shade from the sun, the advance continued.
     The Column arrived at Eshowe on the 23rd and by the end of the day it was safely gathered at the mission station. Work began immediately to prepare the mission as a supply depot and the Buffs took an active part in building the fort that was to protect Eshowe.
     On 24 January two companies of the Buffs were sent with a small convoy of wagons back to the Tugela to bring up supplies. At this time members of the NNC present at Eshowe began to hear Zulus on distant hills calling that they had won a great victory. Little notice was taken of this and on 25 January a further two companies of the Buffs with eight wagons were sent back to the Tugela for more supplies. On the journey they met up with the other two companies of the Buffs returning to Eshowe with supplies and news of a dreadful disaster. The second convoy continued to the Tugela where it arrived on 26 January and was ordered to form part of the garrison at Fort Tenedos on the Zulu bank of the river. The first convoy also arrived at Eshowe on 26 January. News of the disaster that had befallen the Centre Column at Isandlwana arrived at Eshowe in various forms from 22 January onwards but it wasn’t until 2 February that the full extent of what had happened became known.
     The news left Pearson in a terrible dilemma, as he now had no support on his left flank and was, in effect, surrounded. After a hurried consultation with the other commanding officers of the Column Pearson decided to remain at Eshowe and hopefully encourage the Zulu army to besiege him rather than invade Natal. To reduce the garrison Pearson sent back the Colonial Volunteer formations and NNC regiments thus reducing his garrison to the Royal Artillery, Naval Brigade, Royal Engineers, the Buffs and 99th Regiment.

The Buffs in the Siege of Eshowe

The Buffs settled down into a life under siege, which involved manning the defences and guarding the oxen required to move the wagons. At times the Buffs were involved in small sorties carried out against local Zulu kraals but on the whole the Buffs found themselves largely in the fort. To begin with, life was not too bad at the fort, but as the siege continued outbreaks of disease became rampant and the Buffs, like the rest of the garrison, suffered badly. A total of ten men of the Buffs would die during the siege of Eshowe.
During the early part of March flashes from a signal lamp at the Tugela River could be seen and quickly the garrison tried to make contact through a range of unconventional and unusual methods. Finally, contact was established on 14 March and the garrison was informed that relief was on the way. Pearson quickly decided to start constructing a road from the fort in order to aid the relieving force. The Buffs completed work on this project, often under fire, and soon the road took shape. On 30 March the garrison could see the relief column only 14 miles away and by the 1 April the relief column was across the amaTigulu River. But, before relieving the garrison at Eshowe, the relief column would first have to see off the Zulus in one of the most hard fought yet forgotten battles of the war, a battle that the Buffs were also to play their part in.

The Battle of Gingindlovu and the Relief of Eshowe

Once it became clear that no Zulu invasion of Natal was forthcoming after the disaster of Isandlwana, Lord Chelmsford began to prepare a relief force to march to the relief of the garrison of Eshowe. Among the troops allotted to the relief column were the two companies of the Buffs who had been on garrison duty at Fort Tenedos since escorting the supply convoy from Eshowe back in January.
     Due to supply problems and still waiting for arrival of reinforcements, it was not until 29 March that the relief force began to cross the Tugela River and advance to Eshowe. Progress for the relief column was as slow as the advance of Pearson’s Column in January and it was not until 1 April that the relief column came within sight of the Eshowe garrison. The day was spent ferrying the troops across the amaTigulu River and by 2 April the force was in laager.
     The battle of Gingindlovu began on 2 April with the relief column’s scouts returning to the laager with the Zulus in hot pursuit after they had been detected. During the battle the two companies of the Buffs held the left front face of the laager and, with a portion of the 99th Regiment, successfully repelled the Zulus during the second phase of the attack. After the battle the two companies of the Buffs remained at the laager while half the relief force-marched to Eshowe, which was relieved on 3 April. It was decided, much to the anger of the defenders, to abandon Eshowe and retreat back to Natal. The force moved off in two columns with Pearson’s force leading. The Zulus made no effort to interfere and the whole British force arrived safely back in Natal.

The Buffs and the First Division

The Buffs were allotted to the 1st Brigade of Major General Crealock’s 1st Division for the second invasion of Zululand. This time the Buffs were not to see any action and their time was spent in escorting supply convoys for the 1st Division. The main action carried out by the Buffs was in marching to the coastal area to be named Port Durnford. Sadly the Buffs saw no further action during the war and the last battle of the war was fought at Ulundi without their involvement.

The Buffs leave South Africa

The order for the Buffs to return to Natal arrived in July and by 2 August the battalion arrived back at the Tugela. It at once proceeded to Pinetown where it arrived on 12 August. The Buffs left South Africa bound for the Straits Settlements, but they would return to South Africa in 1900 to take part in another war, this time against the Boers."

References
1.The Dragon was the badge of the Buffs given to them to honour their Tudor origin. The Dragon badge was worn on the tunic collar by the regiment and on the Officers forage caps.
2.Lieutenant Colonel Purnell had taken over the command of the Buffs after Colonel Pearson had been given Command of the Coastal Column.
3.Blaxland, Gregory ‘The Buffs’.

Bibliography
Castle, Ian & Knight, Ian ‘Fearful Hard Times’ Greenhill Books, London, 1994
Knight, Ian & Castle, Ian ‘Isandlwana’ Leo Cooper Pen & Sword Books, Barnsley, 2001
Knight, Ian ‘Great Zulu Battles’ Cassell & Co, London, 1998
Mackinnon, J P & Shadbolt, S H ‘The South African Campaign of 1879,’ first published, London, 1880, republished Greenhill Books, London, 1995
Young, John ‘They Fell Like Stones’ Greenhill Books, London, 1992

Subject: Re: 1878-79 medal Sun Feb 03, 2013 6:15 am

Hi boutye .
Welcome to the forum and you seem to have a nice medal in your possesion . This from ' A Staffordshire Regt In The Zulu & Sekukuni Campaigns Of 1878 - 1879 ' by Robert Hope .
'' Lt Carrington proceeded to Newcastle , Natal , where mounted men of the 2 / 3rd Regt also joined them - Lt Newham - Davis and 45 Rank and File . They were then ordered to the Transvaal which had recently been annexed ''. Your man is on the list .

I can tell you your ancestor was in the No 1 Sdn Mtd Inftry , it gets better , according to this roll he was at Isandlwana but left with Chelmesford on the morning of the 22nd Jan 1879 . As you no doubt are aware this is the day the Battle of Isandlwana took place .
So your Ancestor would have spent the night there after they arrived back at the camp among all the dead etc etc . 2252 Weller , Henry , Pvt . Wounded Hlobane 28 / March / 79 . As I said its a very nice medal to have .
Cheers 90th.

Posts : 2 Join date : 2013-01-31 Location : Canada

To all who replied to my request I want to thank you.
It has opened the door a little to the life of my Great Grandfather during his time in these campaigns.
I have included an extract of one of his obituaries. As it's anecdotal I don't know how exact it is.

London 1929

……………………………..He was a strict disciplinarian and every inch a
soldier and a man. He had enjoyed an interesting career, when quite young he
had the honour of serving in the famous and historic East Kent Regiment (“The
Buffs”). He saw service in Africa in the Zulu campaign against the redoubtable Chief
Sekukuni. He was lucky to escape with only an ugly wound from an old musket
ball which found its billet in his left arm. He was also in the “relief of
Rourke’s Drift.” We next hear of him serving with the famous “Carrington’s
Horse” (after a call for volunteers) when he had the honour of being present at
the first hoisting of the British Flag at Pretoria on 17^th April
1877. His photograph of this historic event is, we are sorry, too faded for
reproduction……………………………………………….

» Col sgt Bourne Medal Group. Including Zulu War Campaign Medal
» 1st Bn 13th Foot South African Zulu War Medal, clasp “1878”.
» Baltic Medal & South Africa Medal (1879), William King, HMS Exmouth & Boadicea